GTK3 - C programming - ch1
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction
what is this section about?
2 Reference material
FIXME ~/books/gui.toolkits/gnome3applicationdevelopmentbeginnersguide.txt
https://developer.gnome.org/gtk3/stable/gtk-getting-started.html
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/GTK+_By_Example
GTK3 with autotools example https://code.google.com/p/giuspen-gtk3-glade-hello-world-autotools/source/checkout
3 Example0
3.1 Makefile
3.2 example-0.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h> int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; gtk_init (&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Window"); g_signal_connect (window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL); gtk_widget_show (window); gtk_main (); return 0; }
example-0:
gcc `pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0` -o example-0 example-0.c `pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0`
compile with make:
make
4 Example0 with autotools
Same C source file, but compiled with GNU autotools.
Using autotools in GTK3 projects:
PKG_CHECK_MODULES macro
https://autotools.io/pkgconfig/pkg_check_modules.html
The main interface between autoconf and pkg-config is the PKG_CHECK_MODULES
macro, which provides a very basic and easy way to check for the presence of a
given package in the system.
files in this example:
- configure.ac
- Makefile.am
- src/Makefile.am
- src/example-0.c
4.1 configure.ac
# -*- Autoconf -*- # Process this file with autoconf to produce a configure script. AC_PREREQ([2.69]) AC_INIT([example0], [0.1], [snarvaezsoft at gmail dot com]) AM_INIT_AUTOMAKE([-Wall -Werror]) AC_CONFIG_SRCDIR([src/example-0.c]) AC_CONFIG_HEADERS([config.h]) # Checks for programs. AC_PROG_CC # https://autotools.io/pkgconfig/pkg_check_modules.html # The main interface between autoconf and pkg-config is the PKG_CHECK_MODULES macro, which provides a very basic and easy way to check for the presence of a given package in the system # By default, the macro will set up two variables, joining the given prefix with the suffixes _CFLAGS and _LIBS. # As we are using the GTK3 prefix, This will setup the variable GTK3_CFLAGS with the output of pkg-config --cflags gtk+-3.0 # AND GTK3_LIBS with the output of: pkg-config --libs gtk+-3.0 # Those variables are used later in the file src/Makefile.am PKG_CHECK_MODULES([GTK3], [gtk+-3.0]) # Checks for libraries. # Checks for header files. # Checks for typedefs, structures, and compiler characteristics. # Checks for library functions. AC_CONFIG_FILES([Makefile src/Makefile]) AC_OUTPUT
4.2 Makefile.am
## Makefile.am -- Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in SUBDIRS = src ## Define an independent executable script for inclusion in the distribution ## archive. It will not be installed on an end user's system, however. dist_noinst_SCRIPTS = autogen.sh
4.3 src/Makefile.am
## Makefile.am -- Process this file with automake to produce Makefile.in ## run with: ## make clean ## make CXXFLAGS='-g -Wall -O0 ' CFLAGS='-g -Wall -O0 ' ## Append to CFLAGS. Used by gcc to compile c programs AM_CFLAGS = -std=gnu11 ## Append to CXXFLAGS. Used by g++ to complite cpp programs AM_CXXFLAGS = -std=c++11 ## Place generated object files (.o) into the same directory as their source ## files, in order to avoid collisions when non-recursive make is used. AUTOMAKE_OPTIONS = subdir-objects ## Additional flags to pass to aclocal when it is invoked automatically at ## make time. The ${ACLOCAL_FLAGS} variable is picked up from the environment ## to provide a way for the user to supply additional arguments. ACLOCAL_AMFLAGS = ${ACLOCAL_FLAGS} ## Set the default command-line flags for the C preprocessor to the value ## obtained from pkg-config via PKG_CHECK_MODULES in configure.ac. These ## flags are passed to the compiler for both C and C++, in addition to the ## language-specific options. AM_CPPFLAGS = $(GTK3_CFLAGS) ## Define an executable target, which will be installed into the ## directory named by the predefined variable $(bindir). bin_PROGRAMS = example-0 ## Set the library dependencies for the "example" target to the value obtained ## from pkg-config via PKG_CHECK_MODULES in configure.ac. These libraries are ## passed to the linker in addition to the other linker flags. example_0_LDADD = $(GTK3_LIBS)
4.4 src/example-0.c
#include <gtk/gtk.h> int main (int argc, char *argv[]) { GtkWidget *window; gtk_init (&argc, &argv); window = gtk_window_new (GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL); gtk_window_set_title (GTK_WINDOW (window), "Window"); g_signal_connect (window, "destroy", G_CALLBACK (gtk_main_quit), NULL); gtk_widget_show (window); gtk_main (); return 0; }
4.5 generating configure and Makefile
First run autoscan to generate the file configure.scan with a template for a configure.ac file. You can inspect the contents of configure.scan and compare with your configure.ac or take it as base for configure.ac
autoscan
Autoreconf will try to take care of running the tools in the correct order…
autoreconf configure.ac:11: error: required file './compile' not found configure.ac:11: 'automake --add-missing' can install 'compile' configure.ac:6: error: required file './install-sh' not found configure.ac:6: 'automake --add-missing' can install 'install-sh' configure.ac:6: error: required file './missing' not found configure.ac:6: 'automake --add-missing' can install 'missing' Makefile.am: error: required file './INSTALL' not found Makefile.am: 'automake --add-missing' can install 'INSTALL' Makefile.am: error: required file './NEWS' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './README' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './AUTHORS' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './ChangeLog' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './COPYING' not found Makefile.am: 'automake --add-missing' can install 'COPYING' src/Makefile.am: error: required file './depcomp' not found src/Makefile.am: 'automake --add-missing' can install 'depcomp' autoreconf: automake failed with exit status: 1
automake --add-missing configure.ac:11: installing './compile' configure.ac:6: installing './install-sh' configure.ac:6: installing './missing' Makefile.am: installing './INSTALL' Makefile.am: error: required file './NEWS' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './README' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './AUTHORS' not found Makefile.am: error: required file './ChangeLog' not found Makefile.am: installing './COPYING' using GNU General Public License v3 file Makefile.am: Consider adding the COPYING file to the version control system Makefile.am: for your code, to avoid questions about which license your project uses src/Makefile.am: installing './depcomp'
Adding the missing files that automake complains about …
touch NEWS README AUTHORS ChangeLog
This time autoreconf runs silently and generates the file configure
autoreconf
Now running configure will generate the Makefiles
./configure checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c checking whether build environment is sane... yes checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /bin/mkdir -p checking for gawk... gawk checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes checking whether make supports nested variables... yes checking for gcc... gcc checking whether the C compiler works... yes checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out checking for suffix of executables... checking whether we are cross compiling... no checking for suffix of object files... o checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed checking whether gcc understands -c and -o together... yes checking for style of include used by make... GNU checking dependency style of gcc... gcc3 checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config checking pkg-config is at least version 0.9.0... yes checking for GTK3... yes checking that generated files are newer than configure... done configure: creating ./config.status config.status: creating Makefile config.status: creating src/Makefile config.status: creating config.h config.status: executing depfiles commands
Running make to compile the project
make make all-recursive make[1]: Entering directory '/home/seba/c_workspace/sen-blog/public_html/gtk3/examples/example0autotools' Making all in src make[2]: Entering directory '/home/seba/c_workspace/sen-blog/public_html/gtk3/examples/example0autotools/src' depbase=`echo example-0.o | sed 's|[^/]*$|.deps/&|;s|\.o$||'`;\ gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -I.. -pthread -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi2-atk/2.0 -I/usr/include/at-spi-2.0 -I/usr/include/dbus-1.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/dbus-1.0/include -I/usr/include/gtk-3.0 -I/usr/include/gio-unix-2.0/ -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/harfbuzz -I/usr/include/pango-1.0 -I/usr/include/atk-1.0 -I/usr/include/cairo -I/usr/include/pixman-1 -I/usr/include/freetype2 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -I/usr/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0 -I/usr/include/libpng12 -I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/glib-2.0/include -std=gnu11 -g -O2 -MT example-0.o -MD -MP -MF $depbase.Tpo -c -o example-0.o example-0.c &&\ mv -f $depbase.Tpo $depbase.Po gcc -std=gnu11 -g -O2 -o example-0 example-0.o -lgtk-3 -lgdk-3 -lpangocairo-1.0 -lpango-1.0 -latk-1.0 -lcairo-gobject -lcairo -lgdk_pixbuf-2.0 -lgio-2.0 -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0
The result should be an executable file example-0 in the src directory.
5 Required packages to compile the examples
tested on Debian 8
5.1 Core libraries
libglib2.0-dev 9 (GIO and GObject are already inside this package)
libglib2.0-doc
5.2 User interface libraries
libgtk-3-dev
libgtk-3-doc
libcairo2-dev
libcairo2-doc
libpango1.0-dev
libpango1.0-doc
libatk1.0-dev
libatk1.0-doc
libclutter-1.0-dev
libclutter-1.0-doc
libwebkitgtk-3.0-dev
libwebkitgtk-3.0-doc
5.3 Multimedia libraries
libgstreamer0.10-dev
5.4 Data storage
libecal1.2-dev
5.5 Tools and basic development packages
valac-0.16
anjuta
glade
gtranslator
devhelp
6 Detailed packages info
ii anjuta 2:3.14.0-1 amd64 GNOME development IDE, for C/C++
ii anjuta-common 2:3.14.0-1 all GNOME development IDE, for C/C++ - data files
ii autoconf 2.69-8 all automatic configure script builder
ii autogen 1:5.18.4-3 amd64 automated text file generator
ii autogen-doc 1:5.18.4-3 all automated text file generator - documentation
ii automake 1:1.14.1-4 all Tool for generating GNU Standards-compliant Makefiles
ii autotools-dev 20140911.1 all Update infrastructure for config.{guess,sub} files
ii binutils-doc 2.25-5 all Documentation for the GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities
ii build-essential 11.7 amd64 Informational list of build-essential packages
ii libgtk-3-0:amd64 3.14.5-1 amd64 GTK+ graphical user interface library
ii libgtk-3-bin 3.14.5-1 amd64 programs for the GTK+ graphical user interface library
ii libgtk-3-common 3.14.5-1 all common files for the GTK+ graphical user interface library
ii libgtk-3-dev:amd64 3.14.5-1 amd64 development files for the GTK+ library
ii libgtk-3-doc 3.14.5-1 all documentation for the GTK+ graphical user interface library
ii cpp 4:4.9.2-2 amd64 GNU C preprocessor (cpp)
ii cpp-4.8 4.8.4-1 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii cpp-4.9 4.9.2-10 amd64 GNU C preprocessor
ii devhelp 3.14.0-1 amd64 GNOME developers help program
ii devhelp-common 3.14.0-1 all Common files for devhelp and its library
ii g++ 4:4.9.2-2 amd64 GNU C++ compiler
ii g++-4.9 4.9.2-10 amd64 GNU C++ compiler
ii gcc 4:4.9.2-2 amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-4.8 4.8.4-1 amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-4.8-base:amd64 4.8.4-1 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gcc-4.9 4.9.2-10 amd64 GNU C compiler
ii gcc-4.9-base:amd64 4.9.2-10 amd64 GCC, the GNU Compiler Collection (base package)
ii gdb 7.7.1+dfsg-5 amd64 GNU Debugger
ii gdb-doc 7.7.1+dfsg-2 all The GNU Debugger Documentation
ii gdbserver 7.7.1+dfsg-5 amd64 GNU Debugger (remote server)
ii git 1:2.1.4-2.1 amd64 fast, scalable, distributed revision control system
ii git-man 1:2.1.4-2.1 all fast, scalable, distributed revision control system (manual pages)
ii glade 3.18.3-1 amd64 GTK+ User Interface Builder
ii glibc-doc-reference 2.19-1 all GNU C Library: Documentation
ii libc-bin 2.19-15 amd64 GNU C Library: Binaries
ii libc-dev-bin 2.19-15 amd64 GNU C Library: Development binaries
ii libc6:amd64 2.19-15 amd64 GNU C Library: Shared libraries
ii libc6-dbg:amd64 2.19-15 amd64 GNU C Library: detached debugging symbols
ii libc6-dev:amd64 2.19-15 amd64 GNU C Library: Development Libraries and Header Files
ii libcairo2:amd64 1.14.0-2.1 amd64 Cairo 2D vector graphics library
ii libcairo2-dev 1.14.0-2.1 amd64 Development files for the Cairo 2D graphics library
ii libcairo2-doc 1.14.0-2.1 all Documentation for the Cairo Multi-platform 2D graphics library
ii libcanberra-gtk-module:amd64 0.30-2.1 amd64 translates GTK+ widgets signals to event sounds
ii libcanberra-gtk0:amd64 0.30-2.1 amd64 GTK+ helper for playing widget event sounds with libcanberra
ii libcanberra-gtk3-0:amd64 0.30-2.1 amd64 GTK+ 3.0 helper for playing widget event sounds with libcanberra
ii libcanberra-gtk3-module:amd64 0.30-2.1 amd64 translates GTK3 widgets signals to event sounds
ii libclang-common-3.5-dev 1:3.5-10 amd64 clang library - Common development package
ii libclang1-3.5:amd64 1:3.5-10 amd64 C interface to the clang library
ii libglib2.0-0:amd64 2.42.1-1 amd64 GLib library of C routines
ii libglib2.0-bin 2.42.1-1 amd64 Programs for the GLib library
ii libglib2.0-data 2.42.1-1 all Common files for GLib library
ii libglib2.0-dev 2.42.1-1 amd64 Development files for the GLib library
ii libglib2.0-doc 2.42.1-1 all Documentation files for the GLib library
ii libglibmm-2.4-1c2a:amd64 2.42.0-1 amd64 C++ wrapper for the GLib toolkit (shared libraries)
ii libstdc++6:amd64 4.9.2-10 amd64 GNU Standard C++ Library v3
ii m4 1.4.17-4 amd64 macro processing language
ii zlib1g:amd64 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2+b1 amd64 compression library - runtime
ii zlib1g-dev:amd64 1:1.2.8.dfsg-2+b1 amd64 compression library - development
==================================================
EXTRAS
ii ack-grep 2.14-4 all grep-like program specifically for large source trees
ii llvm-3.5 1:3.5-10 amd64 Modular compiler and toolchain technologies
ii llvm-3.5-dev 1:3.5-10 amd64 Modular compiler and toolchain technologies, libraries and headers
ii llvm-3.5-runtime 1:3.5-10 amd64 Modular compiler and toolchain technologies, IR interpreter
ii clang 1:3.5-25 amd64 C, C++ and Objective-C compiler (LLVM based)
ii clang-3.5 1:3.5-10 amd64 C, C++ and Objective-C compiler (LLVM based)
ii lua-dbi-common 0.5.hg5ba1dd988961-2 all DBI library for the Lua language, common files
ii lua-dbi-mysql:amd64 0.5.hg5ba1dd988961-2 amd64 DBI library for the Lua language, MySQL backend
ii lua-mode 20140514-2 all Emacs mode for editing Lua programs
ii lua-unit 3.0-1 all Lua unit testing framework
ii lua5.2 5.2.3-1.1 amd64 Simple, extensible, embeddable programming language
ii lua5.2-doc 5.2.3-1.1 all Documentation for the Lua language version 5.2
7 Compiling the examples
Compile with the standard ./configure ; make
Additionally add the following make options to turn off optimizations and enable debugging symbols
./configure make CXXFLAGS='-g3 -Wall -O0 ' CFLAGS='-g3 -Wall -O0 '
8 Autotools template example
Please check the Autotools template example